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Sains Malaysiana 55(8)(2026): 1296-1309
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5508-06
Pathological Effects of Leptospira yasudae Strain BJ3 Infection in Experimental
Golden Syrian Hamster Isolated from Perak, Malaysia
(Kesan Patologi Jangkitan Strain BJ3 Leptospira yasudae pada Hamster Syria Emas Uji Kaji yang Dipencilkan dari Perak, Malaysia)
HANI KARTINI
AGUSTAR1, NADIA AQILLA SHAMSUSAH2,*,
MAHANEM MD NOOR3 MOHD FIRDAUS-RAIH4, FAIRUZ AMRAN5,
ROZITA HOD6 & MOHD ROHAIZAT HASSAN6
1Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
3Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
4Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM
Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
5Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, 50588
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
6Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Received: 4 March 2025/Accepted: 5
August 2026
AbstraCT
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by helical
bacteria of the genus Leptospira that affects animals and humans.
Recently, a newly identified isolate called Leptospira yasudae strain BJ3 has been discovered in soil samples obtained from a wildlife
conservation center located in Malaysia. Currently, data on the virulence of L. yasudae in susceptible hosts is scarce. Hence,
this study was conducted to identify the virulence of L. yasudae strain BJ3 based on the histopathological effects due to leptospirosis
infection towards susceptible hosts. The strain was inoculated
intraperitoneally in hamsters at different doses (1 × 108 cells, 2 ×
108 cells, and 3 × 108 cells). Histopathological effects
of hamsters infected with L. yasudae strain
BJ3 were compared with negative control (uninfected) and positive control
(infected with L. interrogansserovar Lai
strain Langkawi) hamsters. The results demonstrated that infection with 1 × 108 L. yasudae strain BJ3 led to noticeable weight
loss. Microscopically, pulmonary edema in the lung, sparse focal inflammatory
cells infiltration but with normal hepatocytes architecture in the liver and
mild tubular degeneration in the kidney were observed. More vital pathological
changes occurred at higher dose (3 × 108 cells). The gross
examination showed crucial weight and fur loss. Microscopic examination showed
the presence of interstitial pneumonia and lung lesions, hepatocyte expansion,
hypertrophy and hyperemia with severe lesions in kidney cells. In conclusion,
infection caused by L. yasudae strain BJ3 may
represent a noteworthy emerging local agent of leptospirosis due to its ability
to induce virulence and cause histopathological alterations in the kidneys of
susceptible hosts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report
demonstrating that a novel Leptospira species isolated from soil can
infect hamsters and induce histopathological changes in organs.
Keywords: Histopathology; hosts; Leptospira yasudae; Leptospirosis; virulence
Abstrak
Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonotik yang disebabkan oleh bakteria heliks daripada genus Leptospira yang menjangkiti haiwan dan manusia. Terdapat satu pencilan baharu yang dikenali sebagai Leptospira yasudae strain BJ3 telah ditemui dalam sampel tanah yang diperoleh dari sebuah pusat pemuliharaan hidupan liar di Malaysia. Namun, tahap kevirulenan strain ini pada perumah yang rentan masih kurang difahami. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti kevirulenan L. yasudae strain BJ3 berdasarkan kesan histopatologi akibat jangkitannya terhadap hos yang rentan. Strain ini diinokulasikan secara intraperitoneal kepada hamster pada dos berbeza (1 × 10⁸ sel, 2 × 10⁸ sel dan 3 ×
10⁸ sel). Kesan histopatologi pada hamster yang dijangkiti L. yasudae strain BJ3 dibandingkan dengan kumpulan kawalan negatif (tidak dijangkiti) dan kawalan positif (dijangkiti dengan L. interrogans serovar Lai strain Langkawi). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa jangkitan dengan 1 × 10⁸ L. yasudae strain BJ3 menyebabkan penurunan berat badan. Secara mikroskopik, edema pulmonari pada paru-paru, penyusupan sel keradangan fokal yang jarang tetapi dengan struktur hepatosit yang masih normal
pada hati, serta degenerasi tubul yang ringan pada buah pinggang telah diperhatikan. Perubahan patologi yang lebih ketara berlaku pada dos yang lebih tinggi (3 × 10⁸ sel). Pemeriksaan makroskopik menunjukkan kehilangan berat badan dan bulu yang ketara. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik pula mendedahkan kehadiran pneumonia
interstitial dan lesion pada paru-paru, pembesaran hepatosit, hipertrofi dan hiperemia serta lesion teruk pada sel buah pinggang. Kesimpulannya, jangkitan yang disebabkan oleh L. yasudae strain BJ3 berpotensi menjadi ancaman penting sebagai agen leptospirosis tempatan yang baharu kerana keupayaannya untuk menyebabkan penyakit pada hos
yang rentan. Tambahan pula, kajian ini merupakan laporan pertama yang menunjukkan bahawa spesies Leptospira baharu yang dipencilkan daripada tanah mampu menjangkiti hamster dan menyebabkan perubahan histopatologi pada organ haiwan tersebut.
Kata kunci: Histopatologi; kevirulenan; Leptospira yasudae;
Leptospirosis; perumah
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*Corresponding author; email:
nadiaaqilla@uitm.edu.my
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